Black cumin, (Nigella sativa L), annual plant of the ranunculus family (Ranunculaceae), which grown naturally in Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Region. The black cumin is cultivated commonly in Afyon, Isparta, Burdur and Konya regions in Turkey.

The Black Seed has been used for a variety of medical problems for three hundred thousand years.

The seeds of Nigella sativa are used and valuable since it contains fixed oil, essential oil and other nutrients.

The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments and have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines.

Studies shows, black cumin has antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity and immune-system effects through its components.

It has been reported that active ingredients of N. sativa have beneficial effects against many diseases, including cancers.

It is stated to have various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antihistaminic, antimicrobial, diuretic.

Black seed oil has a long history of use in traditional medicine and people believe it may improve cardiovascular, digestive, immune, liver, kidney and respiratory system problems.

A tincture prepared from the seeds is useful in indigestion, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, dropsy, amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea and in the treatment of worms and skin eruptions. Externally the oil is used as an antiseptic and local anesthetic. Roasted black seeds are given internally to stop the vomiting.

N. sativa seeds have high nutritional values.

The primary constituents in the Nigella sativa seed mainly are saturated / unsaturated fixed oils (31-35.5%), essential oils (0.4-0.45%), carbohydrates (33-34%), proteins (16-19.9%), amino acids, alkaloids , tannins, saponins, fibers, minerals (calcium, zinc, phosphate), vitamins (ascorbic acid, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid)

Active compounds in the essential oil part of black seed mainly are thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone and thymol, as well as p-cymenene, d-limonene, α and β-pinene, trans-anethole, carvacrol and nigellone.

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